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AIR QUALITY

• Benefits of Cycling: Australian Transport Council, Australian Bicycle Council - 2005 "Motor vehicles are a major contributor of air pollutants, accounting for well over half the emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and almost half the emissions of hydrocarbons in Australia each year. Motor vehicles are also the main source in cities of sulphur oxides (SOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulates. Air pollution has been reported as being responsible for more deaths among Australians than road accidents: each year, on average, 2,400 of the 140,000 Australian deaths are linked to air quality and health issues - much more than the 1,700 people who are killed in crashes... More... http://www.austroads.com.au/abc/index.php?type=sep&id=33

• Air pollution 'bigger killer than road accidents' - March 2, 2004 "...Air pollution was responsible for more deaths among Australians than road accidents, the nation's leading science body said today. "Mortality due to air pollution in Australia is higher than the road toll," CSIRO Atmospheric Research scientist Tom Beer said in a statement. "Each year, on average, 2,400 of the 140,000 Australian deaths are linked to air quality and health issues - much more than the 1,700 people who die on our roads. "That's an average of a death every four hours. This number increases if long-term effects of air toxics on cancer are included..." More... http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/03/02/1078117396880.html

• Ethanol Vehicles Pose Significant Risk To Health, New Study Finds - April 18, 2007 "Ethanol is widely touted as an eco-friendly, clean-burning fuel. But if every vehicle in the United States ran on fuel made primarily from ethanol instead of pure gasoline, the number of respiratory-related deaths and hospitalizations likely would increase, according to a new study by Stanford University atmospheric scientist Mark Z. Jacobson. His findings are published in the April 18 online edition of the journal Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T)..." More... http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/04/070418072616.htm

• Air pollution, cigarette smoking and lung cancer - Quit 1995 "Outdoor air pollution - Air pollutants which have the greatest effect on the respiratory system are sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and suspended particulates. Although sulphur dioxide is not a major problem in Australian cities because of the widespread use of low-sulphur fuels, motor vehicle emissions nonetheless contribute significant amounts of nitric oxide and reactive hydrocarbons. Suspended particulates include small solid and liquid substances including acid droplets, dust, smoke, fog, fumes, pollens and lead.(132) Although development and aggravation of respiratory symptoms has been associated with these pollutants, there is no conclusive evidence that lung cancer is caused by ambient air pollution. There is biological plausibility for a link between exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but this has not been directly investigated.(132) Studies of lung cancer and exposure to pollution are complicated by difficulties in excluding the confounding effects of tobacco smoke and occupational, dietary and other exposures to carcinogens and problems in obtaining precise measurements of exposure to ambient pollution on an individual (rather than population) level over time..." More... http://www.quit.org.au/quit/FandI/fandi/c03s11.htm

• Comparison of personal exposures to air pollutants by commuting mode in Sydney BTEX & NO2 (2004) Research conducted by a team from Sydney's RPA Hospital which compared major forms of transport using rail as the comparison. "We undertook a cross-sectional analytical study to compare exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) by five common travel modes – car, train, bus, bicycle and walking. Participants wore BTEX and NO2 passive samplers during their travel to and from work for two weeks following a specific sampling protocol. Participants commuted to work on their usual route therefore travel distances did vary between commuters and between modes. Commuting took place at the same time of day however, during morning and afternoon peak hours, so actual time of measurement was the same for all..." More... http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/pubs/2004/pdf/air_pollutants.pdf

• Pollution: Did you know motorists breath more pollution than cyclists? See these studies from: Netherlands, Denmark and London.

-- GilbertGrace - 18 Apr 2007

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